| Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an
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| | Storage of the CO2 is envisaged either in
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| approach to mitigating climate change by
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| | deep geological formations, deep oceans,
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| capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from large
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| | or in the form of mineral carbonates.
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| point sources such as power plants and
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| | Geological formations are currently
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| subsequently storing it away safely
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| | considered the most promising, and these
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| instead of releasing it into the
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| | are estimated to have a storage capacity
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| atmosphere. Technology for capturing of
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| | of at least 2000 Gt CO2. IPCC estimates
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| CO2 is already commercially available for
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| | that the economic potential of CCS could
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| large CO2 emitters, such as power plants.
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| | be between 10% and 55% of the total
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| Storage of CO2, on the other hand, is a
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| | carbon mitigation effort until year 2100.
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| relatively untried concept and as yet
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| | Capturing and compressing CO2 requires
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| (2006) no power plant operates with a
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| | much energy, significantly raising the
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| full carbon capture and storage system.
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| | costs of operation, apart from the added
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| Currently, United States government has
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| | investment costs. It would increase the
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| approved the construction of world's
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| | energy needs of a plant with CCS by about
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| first CCS power plant, FutureGen, while
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| | 10-40%. This, the costs of storage, and
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| BP has indicated that it intends to
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| | other system costs are estimated to
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| develop a 350 MW carbon capture and
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| | increase the costs of energy from a power
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| storage plant in Scotland, in which the
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| | plant with CCS by 30-60%, depending on
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| carbon from natural gas will be stripped
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| | the specific circumstances.
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| out and pumped into the Miller field in
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| | The costs of CCS are dominated by costs
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| the North Sea.
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| | of capture. The storage is relatively
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| CCS applied to a modern conventional
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| | cheap, geological storage in saline
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| power plant could reduce CO2 emissions to
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| | formations or depleted oil or gas fields
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| the atmosphere by approximately 80-90%
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| | typically cost $0.5-8 per ton of CO2
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| compared to a plant without CCS.
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| | injected, plus an additional $0.1-0.3 for
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| Capturing and compressing CO2 requires a
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| | monitoring costs. However, when storage
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| great deal of energy and would increase
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| | is combined with Enhanced oil recovery to
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| the fuel needs of a plant with CCS by
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| | extract extra oil from an oil field, the
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| 10-40%. These and other system costs are
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| | storage could yield net benefits of
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| estimated to increase the cost of energy
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| | $10-16 per ton of CO2 injected (based on
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| from a power plant with CCS by 30-60%
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| | 2003 oil prices).
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| depending on the specific circumstances.
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