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Carbon Capture and Storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an
approach to mitigating climate change byStorage of the CO2 is envisaged either in
capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from largedeep geological formations, deep oceans, or
point sources such as power plants andin the form of mineral carbonates. Geological
subsequently storing it away safely insteadformations are currently considered the most
of releasing it into the atmosphere.promising, and these are estimated to have a
Technology for capturing of CO2 is alreadystorage capacity of at least 2000 Gt CO2.
commercially available for large CO2IPCC estimates that the economic potential of
emitters, such as power plants. Storage ofCCS could be between 10% and 55% of the total
CO2, on the other hand, is a relativelycarbon  mitigation  effort  until  year 2100.
untried concept and as yet (2006) no power
plant operates with a full carbon capture andCapturing and compressing CO2 requires much
storage system. Currently, United Statesenergy, significantly raising the costs of
government has approved the construction ofoperation, apart from the added investment
world's first CCS power plant, FutureGen,costs. It would increase the energy needs of
while BP has indicated that it intends toa plant with CCS by about 10-40%. This, the
develop a 350 MW carbon capture and storagecosts of storage, and other system costs are
plant in Scotland, in which the carbon fromestimated to increase the costs of energy
natural gas will be stripped out and pumpedfrom a power plant with CCS by 30-60%,
into  the  Miller  field  in  the  North Sea.depending  on  the  specific  circumstances.
CCS applied to a modern conventional powerThe costs of CCS are dominated by costs of
plant could reduce CO2 emissions to thecapture. The storage is relatively cheap,
atmosphere by approximately 80-90% comparedgeological storage in saline formations or
to a plant without CCS. Capturing anddepleted oil or gas fields typically cost
compressing CO2 requires a great deal of$0.5-8 per ton of CO2 injected, plus an
energy and would increase the fuel needs of aadditional $0.1-0.3 for monitoring costs.
plant with CCS by 10-40%. These and otherHowever, when storage is combined with
system costs are estimated to increase theEnhanced oil recovery to extract extra oil
cost of energy from a power plant with CCS byfrom an oil field, the storage could yield
30-60% depending on the specificnet benefits of $10-16 per ton of CO2
circumstances.injected (based on 2003 oil prices).



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